How do we control satiation?
It is provided by a complex work of receptors in the gastrointestinal canal that feels it’s wall dilatation by the food masses and sends a signal to the brain to induce satiation and satiety. Intestinal endocrine L-cells are among the major parts of the gut-brain axis. These cells produce anorectic peptide hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) as a response to the food intake. This process is described in our short MoA medical animation video. GLP-1, when released into the bloodstream, affects pancreatic β-cells, which secrete insulin, a hormone that controls the glucose level; decreases gastric emptying; increases satiation. Furthermore, GI motility is reduced and food consumption decreased by PYY. L-cells also seems to have precise nutrient-perception receptors that is responsible for the direct detection of macronutrients. This mechanism takes place in pathways that control decreasing the appetite and raise energy outlay. The nutrient-perception mechanisms could be used as a basic principle for the discovery of medicines to manage obesity and metabolic disease.
About L-cells and GLP-1
The L-cells are concentrated mostly in the mucosal layer of the bowel, and, as said before, are the main source of GLP-1. This enteral hormone is enciphered by a glucagon gene. Proglucagon is a precursor peptide that goes through tissue-determined posttranslational processing before becoming GLP-1. Interesting fact, proglucagon transforms into glucagon, in the pancreatic α-cells. Moreover, not only GLP-1 is generated from proglucagon in the intestine, but also GLP-2, a hormone that regulates epithelial cell proliferation and regeneration, oxyntomodulin, and glicentin. At physiological concentrations, GLP-2 and glucagon have no interactions with the GLP-1, despite some structural similarities to GLP-1. Two enteral hormones (GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) emitted by L-cells and the K-cells are called incretins because their secretion depends on the time you have a meal, enrolling glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
Nanobot Medical Animation Studio develops highly innovative digital graphics to depict actual and conceptual technologies by a synergistic fusion of art and science since 2007. Nanobot provides visually engaging digital solutions like scientific VR/AR/MR, 3D medical animations, illustrations for innovative marketing and training | education strategies to the pharmaceutical and biotech industry.We are devoted entirely to medical and scientific imaging. Our creative production team and experienced medical experts help us produce visually and scientifically accurate media material to make any project a huge success.We are a professional medical animation and interactive design company whose team has a long history of experience in the creation of latter-day colorful photo-realistic animated or static images.
Our client ranges from the Medical Device, Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Industry, as well as Educational Institutes, Medical Marketing Companies, and Healthcare Agencies Globally.
